REVIEW
Introdução: a psicocirurgia iniciou-se com as leucotomias frontais à Egas Moniz, o que lhe rendeu o prêmio Nobel em 1949, ao longo de oitenta e sete anos novos métodos foram desenvolvidos, com baixas taxas de complicação e boa resposta. Objetivo: mapear a extensão e a natureza das produções científicas brasileiras sobre a psicocirurgia para o Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo e oferecer evidências para o ensino dessa realidade. Método: realizou-se uma Revisão de Escopo a partir de um levantamento bibliográfico nas principais bases de dados a partir dos descritores: “estimulação cerebral profunda”, “procedimentos neurocirúrgicos”, “psicocirurgia” e “transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo”. Buscou-se narrar as metodologias, descrever a natureza das publicações, as instituições envolvidas e os procedimentos cirúrgicos utilizados. Resultado: Selecionou-se cinquenta e uma publicações, de 1946 a 2023, sendo 45 (88%) dos últimos 20 anos. Destacou-se a Universidade de São Paulo (31), UNIFESP (7) e UFRJ (6). Predominaram as revisões (21), séries de caso (11) e ensaios clínicos (9). Estudos empregaram a Leucotomia à Egas Moniz, Lobotomias, técnicas estereotáxicas, neuromodulação e radiocirurgia. Conclusão: identificou-se mudanças no perfil dos pacientes que não são hospitalizados, assinam termo de consentimento e são diagnosticados como transtornos refratários. As técnicas são micro lesões ou implante de eletródios com baixa morbimortalidade.
Introduction: Psychosurgery began with Egas Moniz’s frontal leucotomy, which earned him the Nobel Prize in 1949. Over the next eighty-seven years, new methods were developed, with low complication rates and good response rates. Objective: To map the extent and nature of Brazilian scientific production on psychosurgery for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and provide evidence for teaching this field. Method: A scoping review was conducted based on a bibliographic survey of the main databases using the descriptors: “deep brain stimulation,” “neurosurgical procedures,” “psychosurgery,” and “obsessive-compulsive disorder.” The aim was to describe the methodologies, the nature of the publications, the institutions involved, and the surgical procedures used. Results: Fifty-one publications were selected, from 1946 to 2023, 45 (88%) from the last 20 years. The University of São Paulo (31), UNIFESP (7), and UFRJ (6) stood out. Reviews (21), case series (11), and clinical trials (9) predominated. Studies employed Egas Moniz leucotomy, lobotomies, stereotactic techniques, neuromodulation, and radiosurgery. Conclusion: changes were identified in the profile of patients who are not hospitalized, sign a consent form, and are diagnosed with refractory disorders. The techniques used are microlesions or electrode implantation, with low morbidity and mortality.
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1Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia – FAMED-UFU, Uberlândia (MG), Brasil.
2Departament of Stereotaxic Surgery, Hospital de Clínicas da UFU – HC-UFU-EBSERH, Uberlândia (MG), Brasil.
3Laboratory of Functional Anatomy Applied to Clinics and Surgery, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia – FAMED-UFU, Uberlândia (MG), Brasil.
Received Oct 16, 2025
Accepted Nov 25, 2025
